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The Bahmani Sultanate, or Bahmanid Empire, was a Muslim state of the Deccan Plateau in southern India between 1347 and 1527, and was one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms. It occupied the North Deccan region to the river Krishna. According to Muslim historians, a rebel chieftain of Saulatabad (an area around Ellora), was under Muhammad Bin Tughalaq. The sultanate was founded on 3 August 1347, by Turkish Governor Ala-ud-Din Hassan Bahman Shah/ Hasan Gangu/ Allauddin Hassan, who revolted against the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq. Nazir uddin Ismail Shah who had revolted against the Delhi sultanate stepped down on that day in favour of Zafar Khan/Hassan Gangu who ascended the throne with the title of Alauddin Bahman Shah. His revolt was successful, and he established an independent state on the Deccan, including parts of present-day Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh within the Delhi Sultanate's southern provinces. The Bahmani contested the control of the Deccan with the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire to the south. The Bahmani capital was Ahsanabad (Gulbarga) between 1347 and 1425, when it was moved to Muhammadabad (Bidar). The sultanate reached the peak of its power during the vizierate (1466–1481) of Mahmud Gawan. About eighteen kings ruled during the nearly 200 years. After 1518, the kingdom was divided in four: Barishahi (Bidar), Kutbshahi (of Golkonda), Adamshahi (of Ahmadnagar), and Adilshahi (of Bijapur), known collectively as the Deccan sultanates. Hasan Shah Zafar Khan was a slave of a Brahmin Gangu, who taught him, educated him, and made him a general in the army. In respect of his preceptor he took the title Brahmin (Brahman) Bahaman, and gave the name to his sultanate (Kingdom) 'Bahamani (Brahmini) (Brahmani) Sultanat (Kingdom)'. Allauddin Hassan, a man of humble origin, assumed the name of Gangu Bahamani in memory of his patron, a brahmin. He was the founder of the Bahamani Dynasty and ruled it under the title of Bahaman Shah. The Bahamani Sultanate was in constant war with its southern neighbour, the Vijayanagara Empire. Firuz Shah Bahamani left his remarkable footprints over Bahmani history. He was a learned man and had knowledge of many religions and natural science. He wanted to develop the Deccan region as India's cultural hub. He waged three battles against the Vijaynagar Empire, and also extended his territories of Warangal. He gave up his kingdom and throne to his brother Ahmed shah I. Agriculture was the main economic activity of Bahamani kingdom. The nobles in the Bahmani Sultanate were classified into Deccanis (oldcomers) and Afaquis (newcomers). They were always divided on opinions. Mahmud Gawan was a minister in Bahamani Empire who expanded and extended the Bahamani Kingdom rapidly. He was an Afaqui making it difficult for him to win the trust and confidence of the Deccanis. He was executed at age seventy by Muhammad Shah of Deccan in the year 1482 for policies which made matters worse between Deccanis and Afaquis. == Culture == The Bahmanis encouraged a distinct style by inviting architects from various parts of the Muslim world and blending them with local styles. The resulting culture was a blend of both northern and southern styles and had its own distinct elements. Gumbaz (the largest dome in the world) and Charminar located at Hyderabad are world-famous examples of Bahamani architecture. The Deccans left an important heritage of the Indo-Islamic art, language and spread Islamic tradition in South India. Hazrat Banda Nawaz (1321 - 1422 CE) the great Sufi saint was patronized by the Bahamani kings. His dargah of Gulbarga is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus and Muslims alike. A great scholar of Islamic lore, he founded the Madrassa (institution) from his own funds on the line of universities of Samarkand and Khorasan. A selfless worker, he became a prime-minister of Bahamani king Mahmud III (1462–82), whom he had tutored in earlier days. Gawan became a victim of the palace intrigue and was beheaded by the drunken king. The later kings of the Bahamani dynasty were too weak to keep the kingdom intact, leading to breakup. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Bahmani Sultanate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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